I created a war and deployed it to my $CATALINA_HOME/webapps folder just fine. Then I wanted to test configuring it to point to a war at an arbitrary location such as c:\\tmp\\
I just ran into this problem. Slightly embarrassingly it was because I got a path wrong!
You can verify this by checking the logs (standard error ones) under
[Tomcat install directory]/logs
You'll see something that looks like this:
Jun 16, 2014 12:34:10 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext resourcesStart
SEVERE: Error starting static Resources
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Document base ... does not exist or is not a readable directory
A further note (you won't get an error message for this) is that if you are deploying a war rather than an exploded webapp you have to specify the file's path and not just it's containing directory.