I recently had to clean up my full disk because of space taken by past docker containers. So I assume that I can access logs of killed containers.
For example I have the
As the question states that the container is killed not destroyed (removed), you can still access logs of not running containers doing docker logs
docker logs
You can find out the ID of the not running container with: docker ps -a
docker ps -a
As long as you have the default docker logging driver.