Basically, what syntex would allow me to achieve the title statement?
If (select statement 1) returns 0 rows THEN (select statement 2) else (select statement 3)
Sorry for the lack of feedback. Someone else in the office took an interest and came up with this:
select * from (
select *
, (SELECT Count(*)
FROM users
WHERE version_replace = 59 AND moderated = 1) AS Counter
FROM users WHERE version_replace = 59 AND moderated in (0,1)
) AS y
where Counter = 0 and Moderated = 0
or Counter > 0 and Moderated = 1
ORDER By ID DESC
Which does what I need.