After experimenting with client side approach to clustering large numbers of Google markers I decided that it won\'t be possible for my project (social network with 28,000+ user
You might want to take a look at the DBSCAN and OPTICS pages on wikipedia, these looks very suitable for clustering places on a map. There is also a page about Cluster Analysis that shows all the possible algorithms you can use, most would be trivial to implement using the language of your choice.
With 28k+ points, you might want to skip django and just jump into C/C++ directly, and surely not expect this to get calculated in real-time in response to web requests.