Does CompletableFuture have a corresponding Local context?

Question

In the olden days, we had ThreadLocal for programs to carry data along with the request path since all request processing was done on that thread and stuff like Log

Answer 1

My solution theme would be to (It would work with JDK 9+ as a couple of overridable methods are exposed since that version)

Make the complete ecosystem aware of MDC

And for that, we need to address the following scenarios:

• When all do we get new instances of CompletableFuture from within this class? → We need to return a MDC aware version of the same rather.
• When all do we get new instances of CompletableFuture from outside this class? → We need to return a MDC aware version of the same rather.
• Which executor is used when in CompletableFuture class? → In all circumstances, we need to make sure that all executors are MDC aware

For that, let's create a MDC aware version class of CompletableFuture by extending it. My version of that would look like below

import org.slf4j.MDC;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class MDCAwareCompletableFuture extends CompletableFuture {

    public static final ExecutorService MDC_AWARE_ASYNC_POOL = new MDCAwareForkJoinPool();

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture newIncompleteFuture() {
        return new MDCAwareCompletableFuture();
    }

    @Override
    public Executor defaultExecutor() {
        return MDC_AWARE_ASYNC_POOL;
    }

    public static  CompletionStage getMDCAwareCompletionStage(CompletableFuture future) {
        return new MDCAwareCompletableFuture<>()
                .completeAsync(() -> null)
                .thenCombineAsync(future, (aVoid, value) -> value);
    }

    public static  CompletionStage getMDCHandledCompletionStage(CompletableFuture future,
                                                                Function throwableFunction) {
        Map contextMap = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
        return getMDCAwareCompletionStage(future)
                .handle((value, throwable) -> {
                    setMDCContext(contextMap);
                    if (throwable != null) {
                        return throwableFunction.apply(throwable);
                    }
                    return value;
                });
    }
}

The MDCAwareForkJoinPool class would look like (have skipped the methods with ForkJoinTask parameters for simplicity)

public class MDCAwareForkJoinPool extends ForkJoinPool {
    //Override constructors which you need

    @Override
    public  ForkJoinTask submit(Callable task) {
        return super.submit(MDCUtility.wrapWithMdcContext(task));
    }

    @Override
    public  ForkJoinTask submit(Runnable task, T result) {
        return super.submit(wrapWithMdcContext(task), result);
    }

    @Override
    public ForkJoinTask submit(Runnable task) {
        return super.submit(wrapWithMdcContext(task));
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task) {
        super.execute(wrapWithMdcContext(task));
    }
}

The utility methods to wrap would be such as

public static  Callable wrapWithMdcContext(Callable task) {
    //save the current MDC context
    Map contextMap = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
    return () -> {
        setMDCContext(contextMap);
        try {
            return task.call();
        } finally {
            // once the task is complete, clear MDC
            MDC.clear();
        }
    };
}

public static Runnable wrapWithMdcContext(Runnable task) {
    //save the current MDC context
    Map contextMap = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
    return () -> {
        setMDCContext(contextMap);
        try {
            return task.run();
        } finally {
            // once the task is complete, clear MDC
            MDC.clear();
        }
    };
}

public static void setMDCContext(Map contextMap) {
   MDC.clear();
   if (contextMap != null) {
       MDC.setContextMap(contextMap);
    }
}

Below are some guidelines for usage:

• Use the class MDCAwareCompletableFuture rather than the class CompletableFuture.
• A couple of methods in the class CompletableFuture instantiates the self version such as new CompletableFuture.... For such methods (most of the public static methods), use an alternative method to get an instance of MDCAwareCompletableFuture. An example of using an alternative could be rather than using CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(...), you can choose new MDCAwareCompletableFuture<>().completeAsync(...)
• Convert the instance of CompletableFuture to MDCAwareCompletableFuture by using the method getMDCAwareCompletionStage when you get stuck with one because of say some external library which returns you an instance of CompletableFuture. Obviously, you can't retain the context within that library but this method would still retain the context after your code hits the application code.
• While supplying an executor as a parameter, make sure that it is MDC Aware such as MDCAwareForkJoinPool. You could create MDCAwareThreadPoolExecutor by overriding execute method as well to serve your use case. You get the idea!

You can find a detailed explanation of all of the above here in a post about the same.