I would like to be able to start a Hadoop cluster in Docker, distributing the Hadoop nodes to the different physical nodes, using swarm.
I have found the sequenceiq imag
I cannot give a definitive answer, but if you are looking to set this up without administratrator privileges and all answers to this question fail I fear you might be out of luck.
Consider asking the admin why he does not want to give out sudo access, chances are that either you can take away his doubts, or else that it turns out that what you want to do is undesirable.