In Visual Studio, it was possible during debugging sessions to jump to the line selected by the cursor and execute that line. After jumping to that line, you can continue debug
Yes. Put a breakpoint on the line, hit F8, wait for the program to execute until this line, and press F6 to go to the next line, or F5 to step into the current line.
EDIT:
Once the thread is paused in the debugger, you may also select some runnable code, right-click, and choose "Display" (Ctll-Shift-D) or "Execute" (Ctrl-U). You may also use the Display view to type any statement, select it, and execute or display it.