Integer cube root

Question

I\'m looking for fast code for 64-bit (unsigned) cube roots. (I\'m using C and compiling with gcc, but I imagine most of the work required will be language- and compiler-agnost

Answer 1

// On my pc: Math.Sqrt 35 ns, cbrt64 <70ns, cbrt32 <25 ns, (cbrt12 < 10ns)

// cbrt64(ulong x) is a C# version of:
// http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/acbrt.c.txt     (acbrt1)

// cbrt32(uint x) is a C# version of:
// http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/icbrt.c.txt     (icbrt1)

// Union in C#:
// http://www.hanselman.com/blog/UnionsOrAnEquivalentInCSairamasTipOfTheDay.aspx

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;  
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]  
public struct fu_32   // float <==> uint
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public float f;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public uint u;
}

private static uint cbrt64(ulong x)
{
    if (x >= 18446724184312856125) return 2642245;
    float fx = (float)x;
    fu_32 fu32 = new fu_32();
    fu32.f = fx;
    uint uy = fu32.u / 4;
    uy += uy / 4;
    uy += uy / 16;
    uy += uy / 256;
    uy += 0x2a5137a0;
    fu32.u = uy;
    float fy = fu32.f;
    fy = 0.33333333f * (fx / (fy * fy) + 2.0f * fy);
    int y0 = (int)                                      
        (0.33333333f * (fx / (fy * fy) + 2.0f * fy));    
    uint y1 = (uint)y0;                                 

    ulong y2, y3;
    if (y1 >= 2642245)
    {
        y1 = 2642245;
        y2 = 6981458640025;
        y3 = 18446724184312856125;
    }
    else
    {
        y2 = (ulong)y1 * y1;
        y3 = y2 * y1;
    }
    if (y3 > x)
    {
        y1 -= 1;
        y2 -= 2 * y1 + 1;
        y3 -= 3 * y2 + 3 * y1 + 1;
        while (y3 > x)
        {
            y1 -= 1;
            y2 -= 2 * y1 + 1;
            y3 -= 3 * y2 + 3 * y1 + 1;
        }
        return y1;
    }
    do
    {
        y3 += 3 * y2 + 3 * y1 + 1;
        y2 += 2 * y1 + 1;
        y1 += 1;
    }
    while (y3 <= x);
    return y1 - 1;
}

private static uint cbrt32(uint x)
{
    uint y = 0, z = 0, b = 0;
    int s = x < 1u << 24 ? x < 1u << 12 ? x < 1u << 06 ? x < 1u << 03 ? 00 : 03 :
                                                         x < 1u << 09 ? 06 : 09 :
                                          x < 1u << 18 ? x < 1u << 15 ? 12 : 15 :
                                                         x < 1u << 21 ? 18 : 21 :
                           x >= 1u << 30 ? 30 : x < 1u << 27 ? 24 : 27;
    do
    {
        y *= 2;
        z *= 4;
        b = 3 * y + 3 * z + 1 << s;
        if (x >= b)
        {
            x -= b;
            z += 2 * y + 1;
            y += 1;
        }
        s -= 3;
    }
    while (s >= 0);
    return y;
}

private static uint cbrt12(uint x) // x < ~255
{
    uint y = 0, a = 0, b = 1, c = 0;
    while (a < x)
    {
        y++;
        b += c;
        a += b;
        c += 6;
    }
    if (a != x) y--;
    return y;
}