Converting from camelcase to _ in emacs

Question

Is there an emacs function to convert a camel-cased word to underscore? Something, like:

longVariableName

M-x to-underscore

Answer 1

@ens' answer was close, but a little buggy for me on Emacs 26.1. I fixed the bug and added the ability, via C-u prefix arg, to specify if you want the first letter of camel case to be lower case:

(defun toggle-camelcase-underscores (first-lower-p)
  "Toggle between camelcase and underscore notation for the
symbol at point. If prefix arg, C-u, is supplied, then make first
letter of camelcase lowercase."
  (interactive "P")
  (save-excursion
    (let* ((bounds (bounds-of-thing-at-point 'symbol))
           (start (car bounds))
           (end (cdr bounds))
           (currently-using-underscores-p (progn (goto-char start)
                                                 (re-search-forward "_" end t))))
      (if currently-using-underscores-p
          (progn
            (replace-string "_" " " nil start end)
            (upcase-initials-region start end)
            (replace-string " " "" nil start end)
            (when first-lower-p
              (downcase-region start (1+ start))))
        (replace-regexp "\\([A-Z]\\)" "_\\1" nil (1+ start) end)
        (downcase-region start (cdr (bounds-of-thing-at-point 'symbol)))))))