Calculate Percentage Change in R using dplyr

Question

I want to calculate the percentage of Profit by YEAR which is a fairly simple task but somehow I am getting NA. I have checked same questi

Answer 1

The problem lies in the fact each group has one observation. One unique year per Vertical. What is the lag of one observation? Additionally since the years go in descending order I trust you need lead.

library(tidyverse)
z %>%
  group_by(VERTICAL) %>% 
  mutate(pct_change = (Profit/lead(Profit) - 1) * 100)
#output
    YEAR VERTICAL       Profit pct_change
                    
 1  2017 AGRICULTURE         0    -100   
 2  2016 AGRICULTURE   2053358     Inf   
 3  2015 AGRICULTURE         0    -100   
 4  2014 AGRICULTURE   2370747    - 41.7 
 5  2013 AGRICULTURE   4066693      NA   
 6  2017 COMMUNICATION       0    -100   
 7  2016 COMMUNICATION 1680074      27.0 
 8  2015 COMMUNICATION 1322470    -  9.43
 9  2014 COMMUNICATION 1460133    -  4.56
10  2013 COMMUNICATION 1529863      NA   

This solution assumes the years are arranged in the correct order, to make sure:

z %>%
  group_by(VERTICAL) %>% 
  arrange(YEAR, .by_group = TRUE) %>%
  mutate(pct_change = (Profit/lag(Profit) - 1) * 100)
#output
    YEAR VERTICAL       Profit pct_change
                    
 1  2013 AGRICULTURE   4066693      NA   
 2  2014 AGRICULTURE   2370747    - 41.7 
 3  2015 AGRICULTURE         0    -100   
 4  2016 AGRICULTURE   2053358     Inf   
 5  2017 AGRICULTURE         0    -100   
 6  2013 COMMUNICATION 1529863      NA   
 7  2014 COMMUNICATION 1460133    -  4.56
 8  2015 COMMUNICATION 1322470    -  9.43
 9  2016 COMMUNICATION 1680074      27.0 
10  2017 COMMUNICATION       0    -100   

or use

arrange(desc(YEAR), .by_group = TRUE)

and lead

z is:

structure(list(YEAR = c(2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 
2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 
2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 
2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 
2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 
2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 
2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L, 2017L, 2016L, 2015L, 2014L, 2013L
), VERTICAL = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 9L, 
9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 11L, 
11L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L, 12L), .Label = c("AGRICULTURE", "COMMUNICATION", 
"CONSTRUCTION", "EDUCATION", "HEALTHCARE", "HOSPITALITY", "MANUFACTURING", 
"MINING", "OTHER", "SERVICE", "TRANSPORTATION", "UTILITY"), class = "factor"), 
    Profit = c(0L, 2053358L, 0L, 2370747L, 4066693L, 0L, 1680074L, 
    1322470L, 1460133L, 1529863L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 8250149L, 0L, 0L, 
    12497015L, 13437356L, 10856685L, 13881127L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 4554364L, 
    5078130L, 0L, 4445512L, 5499419L, 9060639L, 4391522L, 0L, 
    0L, 0L, 0L, 27466974L, 0L, 4359251L, 4163201L, 6272530L, 
    6668191L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 5935199L, 3585969L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
    28018522L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 8430244L, 0L, 3551989L, 6535248L, 
    3995486L, 4477617L)), .Names = c("YEAR", "VERTICAL", "Profit"
), row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", 
"10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", 
"26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", 
"37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", 
"48", "49", "50", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", 
"69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75"), class = "data.frame")