I know you can edit the bash prompt permanently by editing the PS1 variable in your ~/.bashrc file, mine looks like this:
PS1=\"\\[\\e[0;31m\\]
Nowadays, you can add emoji if you have an emoji-aware font. I guess this wasn't a easily viable option when the question was originally posted
I wrote this blog post about it a couple of years ago.
I don't know about American flags, but export PS1="\360\237\232\251 > "
gets a flag in your prompt.
I also wrote a shell tool to make printing the escapes for echo or shell prompt a little easier. It's called emo