I know you can edit the bash prompt permanently by editing the PS1 variable in your ~/.bashrc file, mine looks like this:
PS1=\"\\[\\e[0;31m\\]
Actually, Yes, you can.
In recent versions of Bash, at least 4 (i could do it in 4.2 and 4.3), you can render emoji with the hex.
Use the echo -e flag.
echo -e
paste an emoji you looked up in and do a hexdump to see what it's made of:
plasmarob ~ $ echo -n "