I want to know which protocol is used to send push notification to android devices and which to send push notification requests to GCM.
Whether it is HTTP, HTTPS or some
There are two protocols http and xmpp which you can use to send message to GCM server.
Now its up to you what you want to use. If you want to broadcast message then u should go with http.
you can broadcast 1000 message in a single http request. And only one message through xmpp in a request...
Http can be used only for down streaming(3rd party app server -gcm-mob device)
But gcm won't support up streaming using http. for that you should use xmpp.Xmpp can be used for both up streamlining and down streaming.
Implementaction of push notification can be very easy if you are going with http and that much more hard if you are going with xmpp.but Google has provided detail tutorial how to implement xmpp. So please have a look On Google developer site.