I just asked a question related to how the compiler optimizes certain C++ code, and I was looking around SO for any questions about how to verify that the compiler has performed
A useful technique is to run the code under a good sampling profiler, e.g. Zoom under Linux or Instruments (with Time Profiler instrument) under Mac OS X. These profilers not only show you the hotspots in your code but also map source code to disassembled object code. Highlighting a source line shows the (not necessarily contiguous) lines of generated code that map to the source line (and vice versa). Online opcode references and optimization tips are a nice bonus.