I have a specific scenario in mind, but I will ask this generally:
Is there a way to make my mobile phone trigger an action on my computer? I am thinkin
The way your sat-nav interfaces with your phone is by creating a bluetooth serial connection with your phone's Dial-Up modem. You can see which COM port that corresponds to in your Control Panel's Bluetooth options.
Once connected, regular AT commands can be sent and received with the handset -- for Nokias these are documented (along with a full guide to the process) here.
You should wait for the "RING" notification of an incoming call, then immediately issue the command "AT+CLCC" (List Current Calls). On my N78 this results in the following
+CLCC: 1,1,4,0,0,"07xxxxxxxxx",129
This should be all the information you require to trigger any desired action on the PC.
Edit: that particular link does not actually mention AT+CLCC for some reason. For a full set of commands (including those to query the phone book, and even view incoming SMSs on some handsets) try this document.