Create constraint in alter table without checking existing data

问题:

I'm trying to create a constraint on the OE.PRODUCT_INFORMATION table which is delivered with Oracle 11g R2. The constraint should make the PRODUCT_NAME unique.

I've tried it with the following statement:

ALTER TABLE PRODUCT_INFORMATION   ADD CONSTRAINT PRINF_NAME_UNIQUE UNIQUE (PRODUCT_NAME);

The problem is, that in the OE.PRODUCT_INFORMATION there are already product names which currently exist more than twice. Executing the code above throws the following error:

an alter table validating constraint failed because the table has duplicate key values.

Is there a possibility that a new created constraint won't be used on existing table data? I've already tried the DISABLED keyword. But when I enable the constraint then I receive the same error message.

回答1:

If you are looking to enforce some sort of uniqueness for all future entries whilst keeping your current duplicates you cannot use a UNIQUE constraint.

You could use a trigger on the table to check the value to be inserted against the current table values and if it already exists, prevent the insert.

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14251/adfns_triggers.htm

or you could just remove the duplicate values and then enfoce your UNIQUE constraint.

EDIT: After Jonearles and Jeffrey Kemp's comments, I'll add that you can actually enable a unique constraint on a table with duplicate values present using the NOVALIDATE clause but you'd not be able to have a unique index on that constrained column.

See Tom Kyte's explanation here.

However, I would still worry about how obvious the intent was to future people who have to support the database. From a support perspective, it'd be more obvious to either remove the duplicates or use the trigger to make your intent clear. YMMV

回答2:

You can certainly create a constraint which will validate any newly inserted or updated records, but which will not be validated against old existing data, using the NOVALIDATE keyword, e.g.:

ALTER TABLE PRODUCT_INFORMATION   ADD CONSTRAINT PRINF_NAME_UNIQUE UNIQUE (PRODUCT_NAME)   NOVALIDATE;

If there is no index on the column, this command will create a non-unique index on the column.

回答3:

You can use deferrable .

ALTER TABLE PRODUCT_INFORMATION   ADD CONSTRAINT PRINF_NAME_UNIQUE UNIQUE (PRODUCT_NAME) deferrable initially deferred NOVALIDATE; 

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