多播(组播)
组播组可以是永久的也可以是临时的。组播组地址中,有一部分由官方分配的,称为永久组播组。永久组播组保持不变的是它的ip地址,组中的成员构成可以发生变化。永久组播组中成员的数量都可以是任意的,甚至可以为零。那些没有保留下来供永久组播组使用的ip组播地址,可以被临时组播组利用。
224.0.0.0~224.0.0.255 为预留的组播地址(永久组地址),地址224.0.0.0保留不做分配,其它地址供路由协议使用; 224.0.1.0~224.0.1.255 是公用组播地址,可以用于Internet;欲使用需申请。 224.0.2.0~238.255.255.255 为用户可用的组播地址(临时组地址),全网范围内有效; 239.0.0.0~239.255.255.255 为本地管理组播地址,仅在特定的本地范围内有效。
可使用ip ad命令查看网卡编号,如:
itcast$ ip ad 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:0a:c4:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:c4f4/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
if_nametoindex 命令可以根据网卡名,获取网卡序号。
server
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <net/if.h> #define SERVER_PORT 6666 #define CLIENT_PORT 9000 #define MAXLINE 1500 #define GROUP "239.0.0.2" int main(void) { int sockfd, i ; struct sockaddr_in serveraddr, clientaddr; char buf[MAXLINE] = "itcast\n"; char ipstr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; /* 16 Bytes */ socklen_t clientlen; ssize_t len; struct ip_mreqn group; /* 构造用于UDP通信的套接字 */ sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); bzero(&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)); serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* IPv4 */ serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* 本地任意IP INADDR_ANY = 0 */ serveraddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)); /*设置组地址*/ inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &group.imr_multiaddr); /*本地任意IP*/ inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &group.imr_address); /* eth0 --> 编号 命令:ip ad */ group.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("eth0"); setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &group, sizeof(group)); /*构造 client 地址 IP+端口 */ bzero(&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr)); clientaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* IPv4 */ inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr); clientaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT); while (1) { //fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin); sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr)); sleep(1); } close(sockfd); return 0; }
client
#include <netinet/in.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <net/if.h> #define SERVER_PORT 6666 #define MAXLINE 4096 #define CLIENT_PORT 9000 #define GROUP "239.0.0.2" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct sockaddr_in serveraddr, localaddr; int confd; ssize_t len; char buf[MAXLINE]; /* 定义组播结构体 */ struct ip_mreqn group; confd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //初始化本地端地址 bzero(&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr)); localaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0" , &localaddr.sin_addr.s_addr); localaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT); bind(confd, (struct sockaddr *)&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr)); /*设置组地址*/ inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &group.imr_multiaddr); /*本地任意IP*/ inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &group.imr_address); /* eth0 --> 编号 命令:ip ad */ group.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("eth0"); /*设置client 加入多播组 */ setsockopt(confd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &group, sizeof(group)); while (1) { len = recvfrom(confd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, 0); write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len); } close(confd); return 0; }
来源:博客园
作者:王清河
链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghao-boke/p/11443731.html